Individuals with Digestive Disorders Conditions like Crohns disease, celiac disease, or gastric bypass surgery can impair B12 absorption
Sublingual formulations, which dissolve under the tongue, are often marketed as superior to standard tablets, but most of the dissolved vitamin is actually swallowed with saliva and absorbed through the digestive tract similarly to regular oral supplements
It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2026, but has not yet received MHRA approval and cannot legally be prescribed or sold in the UK
Typically a weekly intramuscular injection
Dijk, W
These conditions can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and are typically managed through physical therapy, medications like anticholinergics, or botulinum toxin injections